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           NATIONAL HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY ACT

                             (GORE BILL)



          By Mr. GORE (for himself, Mr. Jeffords, and Mr. Durenberger):
  S. 1067. A bill to provide for a coordinated Federal research program
  to ensure continued United States leadership in high-performance
  computing: to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
  Transportation.
          NATIONAL HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY ACT
   Mr. GORE. Mr.President, I am today introducing the National High-
  Performance Computer Technology Act of 1989 to respond to major
  economic and technological challenge- the battle to ensure the United
  States' leadership in advanced computing and computer networking.
          High-performance computing is the most powerful tool
  available to those who, in an increasing number of fields, are
  operating at the frontiers of imagination and intellect.  The nation
  which most completely assimilates high-performance computing into
  its economy will very likely emerge as the dominant intellectual,
  economic, and technological force in the next century.
          High-performance computers will enable us to build more
  efficient engines and appliances, forecast the weather more
  accurately and further in advance, test new kinds of molecules with
  miraculous medical potential, and design better machine tools.  Even
  now we can use computers to design better computer chips.  But
  high-performance computers will never be able to do all these things
  in the future unless we increase access through high-speed networks
  right away and develop the information infrastructure to realize the
  potential of these electronic technologies.  The real benefits of
  computing come from sharing scientific ideas and putting new
  products on the market.
          In the last Congress, I chaired the first Senate hearing on the
  state of supercomputer technology and policy.  The message I heard
  at that hearing was overwhelmingly clear:  If the United States if
  going to be a supercomputer superpower in the in the 1990s, we had
  better start building a high-capacity national research and education
  network today.  Toward that end, I am introducing the National
  High-Performance Computer Technology Act of 1989 and will hold a
  series of hearings beginning this June on high-performance
  computing and computer networks.
          Three years ago, on the 30th anniversary of the Interstate
  Highway System, I sponsored the Supercomputer Network Study Act
  to explore a fiber optic network to link the Nation's supercomputer
  into one system.  High-capacity fiber optic networks will be the
  information superhighways of tomorrow.  A national network with
  associated supercomputers and data bases will link academic
  researchers and industry in a national collaboratory.  This
  information infrastructure will cluster research centers and
  businesses around network interchanges, using the Nation's vast data
  banks as the building blocks for increasing industrial productivity,
  creating new products, and improving access to the same national
  resources-data bases, supercomputers, accelerators-as more affluent
  and better known institutions.
          Can we rely on the market system to provide this kind of
  infrastructure?  We certainly couldn't where the Interstate Highway
  System was con concerned, although private industry ultimately
  benefited a great deal from the Government's leadership and
  investment.  I believe that the Federal Government must again be a
  catalyst, to get companies interested in those information networks
  and show them that there is a market out there.  Clearly, the
  technological spinoffs and productivity gains would be enormous,
  from a network that would cost the Government less than one Stealth
  bomber.
          The National High-Performance Computer Technology Act of
  1989 builds on legislation I introduced last year and the 1987 Office
  of Science and Technology report on high-performance computing,
  and it takes the first critical steps to chart the Federal Government's
  course in maintaining U.S. leadership in high-performance
  computing.  Last year's bill was designed to intensify the
  Government's engagement in developing computer technology and
  networks.  Today's legislation is an upgraded version, based on
  hearings and on intensive consultations with industry leaders,
  Government officials, and educators in the intervening period.
  Furthermore, my proposed legislation recognizes that it is vital to
  respect the existing private networks, which, although of lower
  capacity than needed, can and must play a critical and ever-
  increasing role as the new high-volume network matures.
          This legislation promotes high-performance computing in
  several ways:
          By putting in place a three gigabit per second national research
  and education computer network by 1996;
          By creating an information infrastructure of data bases and
  knowledge banks,  including a National Digital Library;
          By emphasizing the development of artificial intelligence
  projects like neural networks;
          By investing in basic research and education;
          By stimulating the development of hardware;
          By enhancing the development and distribution of software;
          By requiring the administration to develop a 5-year
  interagency implementation plan;
          By establishing advisory committees to include the views of
  educators and industry.
          This bill would also authorize $1.75 billion over 5 years, fiscal
  years 1990 through 1994, to carry out the purposes of the act.  The
  investment is tiny and the payback enormous, even more so in light
  of how those Federal funds would be leveraged.  I am deeply
  concerned about the Federal budget deficit.  But the only long-term
  deficit solution is to get away from short-term thinking, look to the
  future, and invest in the people, technologies, and equipment that
  will ensure our standard of living and increase productivity.  We
  must find the funds to invest in high-priority projects like computer
  network development that will pay for themselves many times over.
          Soon, virtually all human knowledge will be translatable into a
  common digital code that can be acted upon by electronic processing
  systems based upon computers, which, in their countless mutations.
  will be electronically linked.  Already, we have crossed the threshold
  of the information age.
          Electronics are to our age what coal and iron were to the
  Industrial Revolution.  However, unlike coal and iron, which are parts
  of the natural endowment of nations, electronics are an endowment
  which can be created wherever there is sufficient talent and
  determination.  That is the lesson our competitors have taught us.
          Our competitors understand the importance of developing
  computer networks and advanced computing.  In France, for
  example, the Minitel network of small home computer terminals has
  become a national obsession.  West Germany appears to be well
  developed in networking.  In Japan, the organization that targets key
  technologies came up with a list of ten top priority projects that
  includes a 10 billion bit per second fiber optic network.
          Unless we learn from them and act in time to nurture our own
  resources, the information age will be theirs, not ours, to lead.
  American technological supremacy, which we had thought of as a
  kind of national attribute, will pass.  And so will its rewards.
          High-performance computing is a fulcrum.  Government action
  applied here can powerfully influence the outcome of the overall
  struggle.  I look forward to your consideration of this legislation.
          Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that a copy of my bill
  be printed in the Record.
  S. 1067
          Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
  United States of America in Congress assemble,
          SECTION 1.  This Act may be cited as the "National High-
  Performance Computer Technology Act of 1989".
          Sec. 2. (a) Congress finds and declares the following:
  (1) Advances in computer science and technology are vital to the
  Nation's prosperity, national security, and scientific advancement.
  (2) The United States currently leads the worked in development and
  use of high-performance computer technology for national security,
  industrial productivity, and science and engineering, but that lead is
  being challenged by foreign competitors.
  (3) Further research and improved computer research networks are
  necessary to maintain United States leadership in the field of high
  performance computing.
  (b) It is the purpose of Congress in this Act to ensure the continued
  leadership of the United States in high-performance computer
  technology.  This requires that the United States Government-
  (1) expand Federal support for research development, and
  application of high-performance computing technology in order to-
  (A) establish a high-capacity national research and education
  computer network:
  (B) develop an information infrastructure of data bases, services, and
  knowledge banks which is available for access over such a national
  network:
  (C) promote the more rapid development and wider distribution of
  computer software;
  (D) stimulate research on artificial intelligence;
  (E) accelerate the development of computer systems; and
  (F) invest in basic research and education: and
  (2) improve planning and coordination of Federal research and
  development on high-performance computing.
  TITLE I-NATIONAL HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
  PROGRAN
  Sec. 101. The National Science and Technology Policy, Organization,
  and Priorities Act of 1976 (42 U.S.C. 6601 et aeq.) is amended by
  adding at the end the following new title:
  TITLE VI- NATIONAL HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
  PROGRAM
                  "FINDINGS
  "Sec. 601. (a) Congress finds and declares the following:
  "(1) In order to strengthen America's computer industry and to assist
  the entire manufacturing sector, the Federal Government must
  provide leadership in the development and application of high-
  performance computer technology.  In particular, the Federal
  Government should support the development of high-capacity
  national research and education network; facilitate the development
  of software for research, education and industrial applications;
  continue to fund basic research,; and provide for the training of
  computer scientists and computational scientists.

  "(2)  Several Federal agencies have ongoing high performance
  computer technology programs.  Improved interagency coordination,
  cooperation and planning could enhance the effectiveness of these
  programs.

  "(3)  A recent rep by the Office of Science and Technology Policy
  outlining a research and development strategy for high performance
  computing provides a framework for a multi-agency computer
  technology program.

  "NATIONAL HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPLETED TECHNOLOGY PLAN"

  "Sec. 602 (a)(1)  The President, through the Federal Coordinating
  Council for Science, Engineering and Technology (hereafter in this
  title referred to as the "Council") shall develop and implement a
  National High-Performance Computer Technology Plan (hereafter in
  this title referred to as the 'Plan') in accordance with the provisions,
  findings, and purposes of this Act.  Consistent with the
  responsibilities set forth under subsection (c) of this action, the Plan
  shall contain recommendations for a 5 year national effort to be
  submitted to Congress within one year after the date of enactment of
  this title and be revised at least once every two years thereafter.

  "(2)  The Plan shall--

  "(A)  establish the goals and priorities for Federal high-performance
  computer technology program for the fiscal year in which the Plan
  (or revised Plan) is submitted and the succeeding 4 fiscal years;

  "(B)  set forth the role of each Federal agency and department in
  implementing the Plan;

  "(C)  describe the levels of Federal funding and specific activities,
  including education, research activities, hardware and software
  development, and acquisition and operating expenses for computers
  and computer networks, required to achieve such goals and
  priorities; and

  "(D)  consider and use, as appropriate, reports and studies conducted
  by Federal agencies and departments, the National Research Council,
  and other entities.

  "(3)  The Plan shall address, where appropriate, the relevant
  programs and activities of the following Federal agencies and
  departments--

  "(A)  The National Science Foundation;

  "(B)  the Department of Commerce, particularly the National Institute
  of Standards and Technology and the National Oceanic and
  Atmospheric Administration;

  "(C)  the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;

  "(D)  the Department of Defense, particularly the Defense Advanced
  Research Projects Agency, the Office of Naval Research, and as
  appropriate, the National Security Agency;

  "(E)  the Department of Energy;

  "(F)  the Department of Health and Human Services, particularly the
  National Institutes of Health; and

  "(G)  such other agencies and departments as the President or the
  Chairman of the Council considers appropriate.

  "(b)  the Council shall--

  "(1)  serve as lead entity responsible for development and
  implementation of the Plan;

  "(2)  coordinate the high-performance computing research and
  development activities of Federal agencies and departments and
  report at least annually to the President, through the Chairman of the
  Council, and on any recommended changes in agency or
  departmental roles that are needed to better implement the Plan;

  "(3)  prior to the President's submission to Congress of the annual
  budget estimate, review each agency and departmental budget
  estimate in the context of the Plan and make the results of that
  review available to each agency and department and to the
  appropriate elements of the Executive Office  of the President,
  particularly the Office of Management and Budget;

  "(4)  work with Federal agencies, with the National Research Council
  and with academic, State, and other groups conducting research on
  high-performance computing; and

  "(5)  consult with actual and potential users of such research by
  establishing an advisory board which stall include representation
  from universities and industry.

  "(e)(1)  The Plan shall take consideration but not be limited to, the
  following missions and responsibilities of agencies and departments:

  "(A)  The National Science Foundation shall continue to be
  responsible for basic research in all areas of computer science,
  materials science, and computational science.  The Foundation shall
  continue to solicit grant proposals and award grants by merit review
  for research in universities, non-profit research institutions, and
  industry.  The National Science Foundation shall also be responsible
  for providing researchers with access to supercomputers and
  providing for the establishment by 1996 of a 3 gigabit per second
  national computer network, as required by section 201 of the
  National High-performance Computer Technology Act of 1989.
  Additional responsibilities include development of an information
  infrastructure of services, data bases, and knowledge banks
  connected to such computer network; facilitators of the validation of
  software and distribution of that software over such computer
  network; and promotion of science and engineering education.

  "(B)  The National Institute of Standards and Technology shall be
  responsible for ensuring interoperability between computer
  networks run by different agencies of the Federal Government and
  for establishing in conjunction with industry, benchmark tests and
  standards for high-performance computers and software.  Pursuant
  to the Computer security Act of 1987 (Public Law 100-235;100 Stat
  1724) the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall
  continue to be responsible for developing standards and guidelines
  for Federal computer systems, including standards and guidelines
  needed to assure the cost-effective security and privacy of sensitive
  information and Federal computer systems.

  "(C)  The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall
  continue to observe, collect, communicate, analyze, process, provide,
  and disseminate data about the Earth, its oceans, atmosphere and
  space environment.  It shall improve the quality and accessibility of
  the environmental data stored at the four NOAA data centers.  In
  addition, NOAA shall perform research and develop technology to
  support its data handling role.

  "(D)  The National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall
  continue to conduct basic and applied research in high-performance
  computing, particularly in the field of computational science, with
  emphasis on aeronautical applications and remove sensing data
  processing.

  "(E)  The Department of Defense, through the Defense Advanced
  Research Projects Agency; the Office of Naval Research, and other
  agencies, shall continue to conduct basic and applied research in
  high-performance computing, particularly in computer networking,
  semiconductor technology, and large-scale parallel processors.
  Pursuant to the Stevenson Wydler Technology Innovation Act of
  1980 (15 U.S.C. 3701 et seq), the Department shall ensure that
  unclassified computer technology research is readily available to
  American Industry.  The National Security Agency, pursuant to the
  Security Act of 1987 (Public Law 100-235; 100 Stat. 1724), shall
  continue to provide, where appropriate, technical advice and
  assistance to the National Institute of Standards and Technology for
  the development of standards and guidelines needed to assure the
  cost effective security and privacy of sensitive information in Federal
  computer systems.

  "(F)  The Department of Energy and its national laboratories shall
  conduct basic and applied research in high performance computing,
  particularly in software development and multi-processor
  supercomputers.  Pursuant to the Stevenson Wydler Technology
  Innovation Act of 1980 (1B U.S.C. 3701 et seq.) and other appropriate
  statues, the Department of Energy shall ensure that unclassified
  computer technology research is readily available to American
  industry.

  "(2)  The Plan shall facilitate collaboration among agencies run by the
  agencies and debatements.

  "(B) increasing software productivity, capability, and reliability;

  "(C)  promoting interoperability of software;

  (D)  distributing software among the agencies and departments; and

  "(E)  distributing federally-funded, unclassified software to industry
  and universities.

  "(d)(1)  Each Federal agency and department involved in high-
  performance computing shall, as part of its annual request for
  appropriations to the Office of Management and Budget, submit a
  report identifying each element of its high-performance computing
  activities which--
  "(A) specifies whether each such element (i) contributes primarily to
  the implementation of the Plan or (ii) contributes primarily to the
  achievement of other objectives but aids Plan implementation in
  important ways; and

  "(B) states the portion of its request for appropriations that is
  allocated to each such element.

  "(2)  The office of Management and Budget shall review each such
  report in light of the goals, priorities, and agency and departmental
  responsibilities set forth in the Plan, and shall include in the
  President's annual budget estimate, a statement of the portion of
  each agency or departments annual budget estimate that is allocated
  to each element of such agency or department's annual budget
  estimate that is allocated to each element of such agency or
  department's high-performance computing activities.  The Office of
  Management and Budget shall ensure that a copy of the President's
  annual budget estimate is transmitted to the Chairman of the Council
  at the same time as such budget estimate is submitted to Congress.

  "Annual Report"

  "Sec. 603 The Chairman of the Council shall prepare and submit to
  the President and Congress, not later than March 1 of each year, an
  annual report on the activities conducted pursuant to this title during
  the preceding year, including--

  "(1)  a summary of achievements of Federal high-performance
  computing research and development efforts during that preceding
  fiscal year.

  "(2)  an analysis of the progress made toward achieving the goals and
  objectives of the Plan;

  "(3)  a copy or summary of the Plan and any changes made in such
  Plan:

  "(4)  a summary of agency budgets for high-performance computing
  activities for that preceding fiscal year and

  "(5)  any recommendations regarding additional action or legislation
  which may be required to assist in achieving the purposes of this
  title".

  TITLE II - NATIONAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION NETWORK

  Sec. 201 (1)  The National Science Foundation shall, in cooperation
  with the Department of Defense, the Department of Energy, the
  Department of Commerce, the National Aeronautics and Space
  Administration and other appropriate agencies, provide for the
  establishment of a national 3--gigabit per second research and
  education computer network by 1996, to be known as the National
  Research and Education Network, which shall-
  (1) link government, industry, and the higher education community;
  (2) be developed in close cooperation with the computer and
  telecommunications industry;
  (3) be designed and developed with the advice of potential users  in
  government.  Industry, and the higher education community;
  (4) have accounting mechanisms which allow users or groups of
  users to be charged for their usage of the network, where
  appropriate; and
  (5) be phased out when commercial networks can meet the
  networking needs of American researchers,
  Sec. 202.  In addition to other agency activities associated with the
  establishment of the National Research and Education Network, the
  following actions shall be taken:
  (1) The Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering, and
  Technology shall-
  (A) establish a National Network Advisory Committee to provide
  technical and policy advice from all the interests involved in the
  Network program, including (i) researchers from university,
  industry, and Federal laboratories who will use the Network; (ii)
  university and college educators; (iii) librarians involved in electronic
  data storage and retrieval; (iv) industrial organizations that develop
  and provide relevant technology and services; (v) managers of
  regional computer networks; and (vi) experts in networking and
  computer science who can provide technical guidance;
  (B) submit to Congress, within one year after the date of enactment
  of this Act, a report describing and evaluating effective mechanisms
  for providing operating funds for the long-term maintenance and use
  of the Network, including user fees, industry support, and continued
  Federal investment; and
  (C) allow recipients of Federal research grants to use grant monies to
  pay for computer networking and other telecommunications
  expenses.
  (2) The Department of Defense, through the Defense Advances
  Research Projects Agency, shall be responsible for research and
  development of advance fiber optics technology, switches, and
  protocols needed to develop a gigabit computer network essential for
  the Network.
  (3) The National Institute of Standards and Technology shall develop,
  in cooperation with the National Security Agency and other relevant
  agencies, a common act of standards to provide interoperability,
  common user interfaces to systems, and enhanced security for the
  Network.
  (5) The National Telecommunications and Information
  Administration shall determine to what extent current Federal
  telecommunications laws and regulations hinder or facilitate private
  industry participation in the data transmission field.  Within a year
  after the dat of enactment of this Act, the Administration shall report
  such determination to the Congress.
  Sec. 203.  In addition to such sums as may be authorized to be
  appropriated to the National Science Foundation by other law, there
  are authorized to be appropriated to the National Science Foundation
  for the research, development, and implementation of the National
  research and Education Network, in accordance with the purposes of
  this title, $50,000,000 for fiscal year 1990, $50,000,000 for fiscal
  year 1991, $100,000,000 for fiscal years 1992, $100,000,000 for
  fiscal year 1993, and $100,000,000 for fiscal year 1994.
  TITLE III-NATIONAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE
  Sec. 301.  The National Science Foundation shall coordinate, in close
  cooperation with the Department of Commerce ( in particular the
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National
  Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Bureau of the
  Census), the Department of Defense, the National Aeronautics and
  Space Administration, and other relevant agencies, the development
  of a national science and technology information infrastructure of
  data bases and knowledge banks accessible through the National
  Research and Education Network referred to in title II of this Act.
  The infrastructure shall include, but not be limited to-
  (1) a directory of network users;
  (2) provision for access to unclassified Federal scientific data bases,
  including weather data, census data, economic data, and remote
  sensing satellite data;
  (3) rapid prototyping of computer chips and other devices using
  centralized facilities connected to the network;
  (4) data bases and knowledge banks for use by artificial intelligence
  programs; and
  (5) provision for international collaboration among researchers.
  TITLE IV-SOFTWARE
  Sec. 401. (a)  The Office of Science and Technology Policy, as
  indicated in the National High-Performance Computer Technology
  Plan (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan") developed and
  implemented under title VI of the National Science and Technology
  Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976, as added by section
  101 of this Act, shall oversee the cooperative efforts of Federal
  departments and agencies in the research and development of high-
  performance computer software, including projects focussed on
  astrophysics, engineering, materials, biochemistry, plasma physics,
  and weather and climate forecasting.
  (b) The National Science Foundation shall establish clearinghouses to
  validate and distribute unclassified software developed by federally-
  funded researchers and other software in the public domain,
  including federally-funded educational and training software.  Such
  clearinghouses shall-
  (1) maintain libraries of programs;
  (2) provide funding to researchers to improve and maintain software
  they have developed;
  (3) help researchers locate the software they need;
  (4) make software available through the National Research and
  Education network: and
  (5) promote commercialization of software where possible.
  (c)(1) The National Science Foundation shall place special emphasis
  on the development of artificial intelligence and shall establish joint
  research programs among government, industry, and the higher
  education community to develop artificial intelligence applications.
  (2) for purposes of this section, the term "artificial intelligence"
  means software and hardware which can be used for computer
  systems that learn, exhibit knowledge of themselves and their
  environment, make logical inferences, display creativity, or mimic
  other aspects of human intelligence, and such term includes expert
  systems, neural networks, natural language processing programs,
  translation programs, and higher-level programming languages.
  (d) The National Institute of Standards and Technology shall develop
  standards for software programs purchases or developed by the
  Federal Government that promote development of interoperable
  software systems that can be used on different computer systems
  with different operating systems.
  (c) Procurement regulations at the Defense Department and other
  departments or agencies shall be changed so that contractors
  providing software to the Federal Government no longer are required
  to forfeit the proprietary software development tools that they used
  to develop the software.
  Sec. 402. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Office of
  Science and Technology Policy for distribution to the National Science
  Foundation, the Department of Defense, the Department of Energy,
  the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and other
  relevant agencies for computer software research and development,
  in accordance with the purposes of this title, $50,000,000 for the
  fiscal year 1990, $100,000,000 for fiscal year 1991, $150,000,000 for
  fiscal year 1992, $200,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, and
  $250,000,000 for fiscal year 1994.

  TITLE V-COMPUTER SYSTEMS

  Sec. 501. The National Science Foundation shall ensure that the
  national supercomputer centers in the United States continue to have
  the most advanced, commercially available supercomputers
  produced by United States manufactures.
  Sec. 502. Where appropriate, Federal agencies shall procure
  prototype or early production models of new high-performance
  computer systems and sub-systems to stimulate hardware and
  software development in the American high-performance computer
  Industry.  Particular emphasis shall be given to prompting
  development of advanced display technology, alternative computer
  architectures, advanced peripheral storage devices, and very high-
  speed communication links.
  Sec. 503. Within 90 days following the date of enactment of this Act,
  the Secretary of Commerce shall review export controls that hinder
  the development of foreign markets for United States manufacturers
  of supercomputers and other high-performance computer
  technology, and report to the Congress the results of such review.
  Sec. 504. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Office of
  Science and Technology Policy, for distribution to appropriate
  agencies and departments as specified in the Plan, for research in
  computational science and engineering, $30,000,000 for fiscal year
  1990, $60,000,000 for fiscal year 1991, $90,000,000 for fiscal year
  1992, $120,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, and $150,000,000 for fiscal
  year 1994.

  TITLE VI-BASIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

  Sec. 601. The Office of Science and Technology Policy shall, in
  cooperation with relevant departments and agencies-
  (1) support basic research on computer technologies, including
  research on computer technology, including research on advanced
  semiconductor chip designs, new materials for chips, improved chip
  fabrication techniques, photonics and superconducting computers;
  (2) create technology transfer mechanisms to ensure that the results
  of basic research are readily available to United States industry;
  (3) promote basic research in computer science, computational
  science, electrical engineering, and material science; and
  (4) educate and train more researchers in computer science and
  computational science.
  Sec. 602. To expand its traditional role in supporting basic research
  in universities and colleges, and in training scientists and engineers
  in computer science, computational science, and electrical
  engineering, there are authorized to be appropriated to the National
  Science Foundation, $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1900, $20.000,000
  for fiscal year 1991, $30,000,000 for fiscal year 1903, and
  $50,000,000 for fiscal year 1994.